Analisis Ukuran Perusahaan, Penerapan Etika Bisnis dan Praktik “Corporate Governance†terhadap Penerapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Abstract
evidences including: 1) the influence of the firm size, the implementation of business
ethics and corporate governance practice on corporate social responsibility both
simultaneously; 2) the influence of the firm size, the implementation of business
ethics and corporate governance practice on corporate social responsibility
partially. This research used survey methods where the populations were from non
state owned manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange period
2008-2010. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The data in this
research consist primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected by using
questionnaires and secondary data were collected by gathering from Indonesian
Stock Exchange and firm website, and also in The Center of Capital Market
Reverence Indonesian Stock Exchange. The data had been analyzed to test the
hypothesis using the path analysis with SPSS version 16.
The results of this research have showed that: 1) simultaneously, the firms size, the
implementation of business ethics and corporate governance practice gave positive
influence significantly on corporate social responsibility; 2) partially, the
implementation of business ethics and corporate governance practice gave positive
influence significantly on corporate social responsibility, but the firms size were not
influenced significantly on corporate social responsibility were partially.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adam, C.; W., Hill.; C., Roberts. 1998. Corporate Social Reporting Practices in Western
Europe. British Accounting Review. Vol. 30. No. 1. Pp. 1-21.
Anggraini, F. 2006. Pengungkapan Informasi Sosial dan Faktor-Faktor Yang
Mempengaruhi Pengungkapan Informasi Sosial Dalam Laporan Keuangan
Tahunan (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan-Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Bursa
Efek Jakarta). Simposium Nasional Akuntansi IX. Universitas Andalas.
Baron, David. 2001. Private Politics, Corporate Social Responsibility and Integrated
Strategy. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy. Vol. 10. Pp. 7-45.
Berle, A and Gariner, M. 1934. The Modern Corporation and Private Property.
Macmilan. New York.
Bhimani, A. and Soonawalla, K. 2005. From Conformance to Performance: The
Corporate Responsibilities Continuum. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy.
Vol.24. Pp. 165-174.Coase, Ronald H. 1937. The Nature of The Firm. Economica.
Vol. 4. Pp. 386-405.
Black, B., Jang, H., dan Kim, W. (2003), Does Corporate Governance Affect Firm
Value? Evidence from Korea, Research Paper Series,, KDI School of Public
Policy and Management. Volume. 05. No. 11.
Branco, Manuel Castelo dan Lu´cia Lima Rodrigues. 2008. Factors Influencing Social
Responsibility Disclosure by Portuguese Companies. Journal of Business Ethics.
Vol. 83. Pp. 685–701.
Cormier, D. and Magnan, M. 1999. Corporate Environmental Disclosure Strategies:
Determinant, Cost and Benefit. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance.
Vol. 14. No. 4. Pp. 429-451.
Daniri, Mas Ahmad.2005. Good Corporate Governance: Konsep dan Penerapannya di
Indonesia. Ray Indonesia. Jakarta.
Daniri, Mas Achmad. 2004. Membudayakan ‘Good Corporate Governance’
http://www.kompas.com/kompas%2Dcetak/0404/15/ekonomi/970822.
Darwin, Ali. 2006. Akuntabilitas, Kebutuhan, Pelaporan dan Pengungkapan CSR Bagi
Perusahaan di Indonesia. EBAR (Economic Business Accounting Review).
Corporate Social Responsibility. Edisi III/September-Desember 2006.
DeFond M. L. and Jimbalvo, J. 1993. Factors Related to Auditor-Client Disagreements
Over Income-Increasing Accounting Methods. Contemporary Accounting
Research. Vol. 9. No. 2. Pp. 415-431.
Diacon, S. R. and Ebbew, C. T. 1996. Can Business Ethics Enhance Corporate
Governance? Evidence From a Survey of UK Insurance Executives. Journal of
Business Ethics. Vol. 15. Pp. 623-634.
Eisenberg, T. S.; Sundgren, S. and M. Wells. 1998. Larger Board Size and Decreasing
Firm Value In Small Firms. Journal of Financial Economics. Vol. 48. Pp.35-54
Feddersen, Timothy and Thomas Gilligan. 2001. Saints and Markets: Activists and The
Supply of Credence Goods. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy.
Vol. 10. Pp. 149-171.
Frederick, W. C. 1994. From CSR1 to CSR2: The Maturing of Business and Society
Thought. University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Business.
Ficher, Marilyn and Kenneth, Rozenzweig. 1995. Attitudes of Students and Accounting
Practitioners. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 14. No. 6. Pp. 433-444
Forum for Corporate Governance in Indonesia. Corporate Governance Self Assessment
Checklist. Seri Tata Kelola Perusahaan Jilid III (Edisi ke-2). Jakarta: FCGI
Bekerjasama dengan Asian Development Bank (ADB), 2001.
Global Reporting Initiatives. 2006. Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. GRI, CERES
Boston.
Gossling, T and Voucht, C. 2007, Social Role Conception and CSR Policy Success,
Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 74. Pp. 363-372
Gray, R, Kouhy, R. and Lavers, S. 1995. Corporate Social and Environmental
Reporting: A Review of The Literature And A Longitudinal Study of Uk
Disclosure. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. Vol. 8. No. 2. Pp.
-77.
Gray, R; Owen D. and Adams, C. 1996. Accounting and Accountability: Changes and
Challenges in Corporate Social and Environmental Reporting. Prentice Hall
Europe. Hemel Hempstead.
Gupta, G. L. and Sulaiman, Muhamed. 1996. Ethical Orientations of Managers in
Malaysia. Journal of Business Ethics. Volume. 13. Pp 735-748.
Hackston, D. and Milne, M. 1996. Some Determinants of Social and Environmental
Disclosures in New Zaeland Companies. Accounting, Auditing, and
Accountability Journal. Vol. 9. No 1. Pp. 77-108.
Haniffa, R. M. and Cooke, T. E. 2005. The Impact of Culture and Governance on
Corporate Social Reporting. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy. Vol. 24.
Pp. 391-430.
Hasibuan. 2006. CSR Communications: A Challenge on Its Own. Economics Business
& Accounting Review. Edisi III/ September-Desember.
Hill, R.P.; Thomas A.; Todd S. and Daryl. 2007. Corporate Social Responsibility and
Socially Responsible Investing: A Global Perspective. Journal of Business
Ethics. Volume 76. Pp. 165-174.
Holthausen R.W. and Leftwich R.W. 1983. The Economic Consequences of Accounting
Choise: Implications of Costly Contracting and Monitoring. Journal of
Accounting and Economics. Vol. 6. No. 1. Pp. 69-87.
Jensen, Michael C. and Meckling, William H. 1976. Theory of The Firm: Managerial
Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial
Economics. Vol. 3. Pp. 305-360.
Juholin, Elisa. 2004. For Business or The Good of All? A Finnish Approach to
Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Governance. Vol. 4. No. 3. Pp. 20-
Keasey, K and Wright, M. 1997. Corporate Governance: Responsibilities, Risk and
Remuneration. John Wiley & Sons.
Keraf, A. Sonny. 1998. Etika Bisnis: Tuntutan dan Relevansinya. Edisi Baru.
Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius.
Kin, H. S. 1990. Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures in Malaysia. Akuntan
Nasional. January: 4-9.
Klein, A. 2002. Audit Committee, Board of Directors Characteristics and Earnings
Management. Journal of Accounting and Economics. Vol. 33. No.3. Pp. 375-
Kokubu, Katsuhiko, Akihiro Noda, Yasushi Onishi, dan Tomomi Shinabe . 2001.
Determinants of Environmental Report Publication in Japanese Companies. The
third Asia Pacific Interdisciplinary Research in Accounting Conference:
Adelaide Australia.
Kristoffersen, Inga; Gerrans, Paul and Clark-Murphy. 2005. Corporate Social
Performance and Financial Characteristics: Australian Evidence on The Finance
to Self-Regulate on Environmental, Social and Governance Criteria. School of
Accounting, Finance and Economics & FIMARC Working Paper Series.
Working Paper 0515.
Lang, Mark and Lundholm, Russell. 1993. Cross-Sectional Determinants of Analyst
Ratings of Corporate Disclosures. Journal of Accounting Research. Vol. 31. No.
Pp. 246-271.
Lim, Ying Zhee; Talha, Mohammad; Junaini Mohamed and Abdullah Sallehhuddin.
Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Corporate Governance in
Malaysia. International Journal Behavioral Accounting and Finance. Vol. 1.
No. 1. Pp. 67-89.
Machfoedz, M. 1994. Financial Ratio Analysis and The Prediction of Earnings Changes
in Indonesia. Kelola. Gajah Mada University Business Review. Vol. 7. No. III.
Midiastuty, Pratana P. dan Mas’ud Machfoedz. 2003. Analisis Hubungan Mekanisme
Corporate Governance dan Indikasi Manajemen Laba. Simposium Nasional
Akuntansi VI. Surabaya.
Milne, M.J. and Pattern, D.M. 2002. Securing Organizational Legitimacy: An
Experimental Decision Case Examining The Impact of Environmental
Disclosures. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. Vol. 15. No. 3.
Pp. 372-405.
McWilliams, Abagail and Siegel Donald. 2001. Corporate Social Responsibility: A
Theory of the Firm Perspective. The Academy of Management Review. Vol 26.
No. 1. Pp. 117-127.
Meek, G.K.: Roberts, C.B. and Gray, S.J. 1995. Factors Influencing Voluntary Annual
Report Disclosure By US, UK And Continental European Multinational
Corporations. Journal of International Business Studies. Third Quarters.
Pp.555–572.
Merchant, Kenneth A. and Joanne, Rockness. 1994. The Ethics of Managing Earning:
An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy. Vol. 13.
No. 1. Pp. 79-94.
Ng, L. W. 1985. Social responsibility disclosures of selected New Zealand companies
for 1981, 1982, 1983. Occasional Paper. No. 54, Massey University,
Palmerston North.
OECD. 1999. Principles of Corporate Governance. OECD, Paris.
Patten, D. M. 1992. Intra-Industry Environmental Disclosures in Response to The
Alaskan Oil Spill: A Note on Legitimacy Theory. Accounting, Organizations
and Society. Vol. 17. No. 5. Pp. 471–475.
Peasnell, K.V; Pope, P. F. and Young, S. 2001. Board Monitoring and Earnings
Management: Do Outside Directors Influence Abnormal Accruals. Accounting
and Business Research. Vol. 30. Pp. 41 -63.
Peasnell, K.V; Pope, P. F. and Young, S. 1998. Outside Directors, Board Effectiveness
and Earnings Management. Working Paper. Lancaster University, UK. Pp. 1-
Prowson, S. 1999. Corporate governance in East Asia: a framework for analysis.
ESCAP. http://www.unescap.org/drpad/publication/dp20_1973/dp_20 Scott, W.
R. 2003. Financial Accounting Theory. 3
rd
Edition. Toronto: Prentice Hall.
Roberts, R.W. 1992. Determinants of Corporate Responsibility Disclosure. Accounting,
Organizations and Society. Vol. 17. No. 6. Pp. 595-612.
Salno, H.N., dan Zaki Baridwan. 2000. Analisis Perataan Penghasilan (Income
Smoothing): Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi dan Kaintannya dengan Kinerja
Saham Perusahaan Publik di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Indonesia. Vol.
No. 1. Januari. hal 17-34.
Short, Helen et. Al. 1999. Corporate Governance: From Accountability to Enterprise.
Accounting and Business Research. Volume. 29. No. 4. Hal. 337-352.
Singh, D.R. and Ahuja, J.M. 1983. Corporate social reporting in India. International
Journal of Accounting. Vol. 18. No. 2, pp. 151-70.
Syakhroza, Ahmad. 2002. Mekanisme Pengendalian Internal dalam Melakukan
Assessment Pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance. Manajemen Usahawan.
No. 08 Tahun XXXI, Agustus: 41-52.
Tjager, Nyoman I et. al. (2003)., Corporate Governance., Jakarta: PT Prehalindo.
Udayasankar, Krishna. 2008. Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Size. Journal of
Business Ethics. Volume: 83. Issue: 2 Pages: 167-175.
Veronica, Siregar N.P. dan Bachtiar. Yanivi S. 2004. Good Corporate Governance
Information Asymetry and Earnings Management. Simposium Nasional
Akuntansi VII.
Waldman, David; Donald S. Siegel and Mansour Javidan. 2004. CEO Transformational
Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility. Rensselaer Working Papers in
Economics. No. 0415. June 2004.
Wallace, R. S. O.; Naser, K. and Mora, A. 1994. The Relationship Between The
Comprehensiveness of Corporate Annual Reports and Firm Characteristics In
Spain. Accounting and Business Research. Vol. 25. No. 97. Pp. 41-53.
Watts, Ross L. and Zimmerman, Jerold L. 1986. Positive Accounting Theory. Prentice-
Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Wibisono. Yusuf. 2007. Membedah Konsep dan Aplikasi CSR (Corporate Social
Responsibility). Fascho Publishing. Gresik.
Yermack, D. 1996. Higher Market Valuation of Companies with Small Board of
Directors. Journal of Financial Economics. Vol. 40. Pp.185-211.