Karakteristik Foto Toraks pada Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru Dewasa Kultur Bakteri Positif dengan BTA Positif dan BTA Negatif

Abstract

Abstrak
Gambaran radiologi tuberkulosis (TB) paru aktif adalah berupa kavitas, adenopati, infiltrat, efusi pleura, miliari, konsolidasi, dan bronkiektasis. Pemeriksaan kultur kuman M. tuberculosis pada sputum merupakan baku emas diagnosis pasti TB paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan karakteristik foto toraks TB paru dewasa pada pemeriksaan BTA positif kultur positif dan BTA negatif kultur positif. Penelitian menggunakan studi komparatif dengan rancangan potong lintang dan pengambilan sampel melalui consecutive admissions. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Departemen Radiologi, RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode September 2015–Desember 2016. Subjek penelitian didapat 112 orang dengan jumlah laki-laki 76 orang, perempuan 45 orang, usia termuda 19 tahun dan tertua 80 tahun. Hasil penelitian melalui uji analisis chi-square pada derajat kepercayaan 95% menunjukkan bahwa kavitas, adenopati, infiltrat, konsolidasi, dan bronkiektasis lebih banyak ditemukan pada penderita TB paru dewasa dengan BTA positif kultur positif dibanding dengan BTA negatif kultur positif (p≤0,05). Simpulan, terdapat perbedaan karakteristik lesi foto toraks TB paru dewasa pada pemeriksaan BTA positif kultur positif dan BTA negatif kultur positif.

Abstract
Active pulmonary tuberculosis radiological features are cavities, adenopathy, infiltrates, pleural effusion, miliary, consolidation and bronchyectasis. Culture of M. tuberculosis from sputum is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. This study aims was to reveal the radiographic characteristic difference based on positif M. tubereculosis culture with positif and negatif acid-fast bacili (AFB) smear examination in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. This research methods was a comparative study with cross sectional design. Subject was adult pulmonary TB patient with positive bacterial culture and positive or negative AFB smear examination through consecutive admissions, from September 2015 until Desember 2016. The results found 121 patients, consisted 76 males and 45 females with the youngest was 19 years old, the oldest was 80 years old. Chi-square test analysis on 95% degree of confidence indicates that cavities, adenopathy, infiltrates, consolidation and bronchiektasis were more found in patients with positive AFB smear than negatif AFB smear examination (p≤0.05). In conclusion, there was a difference characteristics in radiographic in patients with clinical pulmonary TB with positive bacterial culture with positive AFB smear examination and negatif AFB smear examination.